Roofing Basics
A roof protects a home from rain, snow, sunlight, and extreme temperatures. It also adds to a home’s aesthetic.
A roof’s material and shape adapt to suit different building types, climates, and architectural styles. For example, the gently sloping shingles of a cozy cottage contrast with the dramatic pitched copper roofs that grace European cathedrals.
Shingles
Shingles are the most recognizable part of a roof. They protect the structure and add a beautiful aesthetic to the building. They come in many different colors, so it’s easy to find one that fits the style of the house or business. Shingles also help to keep the structure cool in the summer and warm in the winter.
The most common type of shingle is the asphalt-coated shingle. They are made from a base material that is either organic or inorganic and then coated with an asphalt mixture. The type of base material will determine the final properties of the shingle, such as durability and fire resistance.
There are other types of shingles, including clay, wood, and slate. Each type of shingle has its own unique characteristics and manufacturing process. Clay shingles, for example, have been around for thousands of years. They are naturally fire-resistant, but they should be used in conjunction with other fire-resistant materials to protect the structure.
Wood shingles are another popular choice for roofing. They are durable and attractive, and they can be stained or painted to match the surrounding décor. They are also resistant to rot and decay, making them a great choice for homes in damp climates. Like other types of shingles, wood shingles require regular maintenance to ensure they remain in good condition.
Underlayment
Underlayment acts as a secondary barrier between your roof deck and the shingles to prevent water infiltration that can lead to costly damage. It’s a vital part of the roof system and should always be installed properly. Professional roofing contractors typically use asphalt-saturated felt underlayment or modern synthetic materials to protect homes and businesses from moisture infiltration.
The type of underlayment you choose depends on a few different factors including climate, application, and cost. Felt underlayment is ideal for shingle roofs in most environments but doesn’t perform as well in cold, wet climates or during snow and ice events. Synthetic underlayment is more expensive than felt but offers a wide range of benefits, including enhanced durability, superior tear resistance, and improved mold and UV protection.
Another important consideration is the permeability rating of the underlayment material. Although all underlayments are designed to stop the passage of liquid moisture, they can have varying ratings depending on manufacturer and jurisdiction requirements.
Lastly, it’s essential to consult local building codes regarding the underlayment material and top layer roof covering to ensure your new roof complies with all local regulations. The last thing you want to do is invest in a new roof that’s not up to code!
Flashing
Flashing is a thin, impermeable metal layer that prevents water from infiltrating areas where the roof meets other structures like chimneys, vent pipes, skylights, or intersections in roof valleys. It is a common component of most roofing systems and is vital for protecting the home from moisture damage.
Flashing usually consists of pre-finished aluminum, copper, or galvanized steel that is resistant to corrosion and moisture. The material chosen often depends on the local climate and aesthetic preferences. It is crucial to properly install the flashing and ensure that it is tucked under shingles to avoid moisture infiltration and protect the underlayment.
Roof flashing is also available in different forms and sizes to meet specific needs. One common type is step flashing, which is installed where a sloped roof meets a vertical structure like a wall or chimney. This flashing consists of multiple small pieces that overlap each other and form a watertight seal.
Other flashing types include pipe boots, which are installed around plumbing vents. These typically consist of a rubber or flexible collar that tightly fits the pipe, preventing water ingress and maintaining a watertight seal. Kickout flashing is another type of flashing that can be installed in the area where the roof edge meets a sidewall. This flashing diverts water away from the vulnerable point and into the gutter, preventing it from running down the side of the house.
Soffit
Soffit, a board that covers the space between your roof and its eaves, prevents water damage by sealing up gaps in attic areas. It also helps with ventilation, allowing air to circulate and keep your home cooler. Soffits can be either vented or non-vented, although most homes use both to ensure proper airflow through the attic area.
The main function of soffits is to protect the rafters (the roof’s support beams) from moisture and pests, preventing rot and extending their lifespan. Additionally, soffits help improve insulation and energy efficiency by reducing attic moisture.
Soffits are typically made from aluminum or fiber cement and can be a variety of textures and colors. They can complement or contrast with the fascia boards to create a unique look for your home’s exterior. In addition to their aesthetics, soffits are durable and easy to maintain. They can be cleaned with a soft brush and bleach solution to remove mildew and other unwanted growths, as well as being easy to replace when necessary.
Keeping up with the maintenance of soffits is important to extend their life and help your roof function at its best. Peeling paint, sagging or separation of materials, and signs of pest activity are all indicators that your soffits need attention. It’s important to have a professional inspect your soffits and fascia regularly to ensure they are in good condition.
A roof protects a home from rain, snow, sunlight, and extreme temperatures. It also adds to a home’s aesthetic. A roof’s material and shape adapt to suit different building types, climates, and architectural styles. For example, the gently sloping shingles of a cozy cottage contrast with the dramatic pitched copper roofs that grace European cathedrals.…